mongodb数据库基本操作指令
ps：mongodb中的 文档，集合的概念（和mysql中的表对比理解）：
集合（mongodb）--相当于mysql中的表文档（mongodb）--相当于mysql中的行
一：mongodb数据库操作
use blog #切换到这个数据库，如果没有则创建，有则切换 switched to db blog > show dbs #显示所有的数据库 admin 0.000GB blog 0.000GB config 0.000GB local 0.000GB > db.article.insert({ "title":"python"}) #db代表当前切换的数据库blog WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.userinfo.insert({ "name":"tom"}) #往数据库添加集合（mysql中叫做表，mongodb中叫做 集合） WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > show tables; #显示所有的集合 article userinfo > show dbs admin 0.000GB blog 0.000GB config 0.000GB local 0.000GB > db.dropDatabase() #删除这个数据库 { "dropped" : "blog", "ok" : 1 } > show dbs admin 0.000GB config 0.000GB local 0.000GB 二：mongodb数据库的集合操作（mysql中称之为：表）
> use blog switched to db blog > db.article.insert({ "name":"c++"}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.article.insert({ "name":"linux"}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > show tables; #显示当前所有的集合 article > db.article.drop() #删除这个文档 true #显示已经删除 > show tables #再显示，已经没有了，所以没有打印出来 三：文档操作（相当于mysql中的行）
1：添加文档
01:没有指定_id则默认ObjectId,_id不能重复，且在插入后不可变
02:插入单条文档cmd界面操作：小技巧： ^ 放在cmd界面一行的前面和最后面，用来换行，因此才会，在文档结束的时 候，再加上^就会 结束换行 > user0={^ ... "name":"tom", ... "age":10, ... "hobbies":["musice","read","dancing"], ... "addr":{ "countye":"China","city":"BJ"} ... ^} 2019-03-05T20:36:20.263+0800 E QUERY [js] Synt > db.test.insert(user0) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.test.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5c7e6d52253ec476879e656a") } 03：插入多条
user1={ "_id":1, "name":"alex", "age":10, 'hobbies':['music','read','dancing'], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'weifang' } } user2={ "_id":2, "name":"wupeiqi", "age":20, 'hobbies':['music','read','run'], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'hebei' } } user3={ "_id":3, "name":"yuanhao", "age":30, 'hobbies':['music','drink'], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'heibei' } } user4={ "_id":4, "name":"jingliyang", "age":40, 'hobbies':['music','read','dancing','tea'], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'BJ' } } user5={ "_id":5, "name":"jinxin", "age":50, 'hobbies':['music','read',], 'addr':{ 'country':'China', 'city':'henan' } } >db.user.insertMany([user1,user2,user3,user4,user5]) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } > 2:查看文档
001：比较运算
# SQL：=,!=,>,<,>=,<=# MongoDB：{key:value}代表什么等于什么,"$ne","$gt","$lt","gte","lte", 其中"$ne"能用于所有数据类型#1、select * from db1.user where name = "alex"; #(mysql) > db.user.find({ "name":"alex"}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } }#2、select * from db1.user where name != "alex"; #(mysql) > db.user.find({ "name":{ "$ne":"alex"}}) { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } }#3、select * from db1.user where id > 2; #(mysql) > db.user.find({ '_id':{ '$gt':2}}) { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } >#4、select * from db1.user where id < 3; #(mysql) > db.user.find({ '_id':{ "$gte":2,}}) { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } >#5、select * from db1.user where id <= 2; #(mysql) > db.user.find({ "_id":{ "$lte":2}}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } > 002：逻辑运算
# MySQL：and，or，not# MongoDB：字典中逗号分隔的多个条件是and关系，"$or"的条件放到[]内,"$not"----------------理解小概念-------------ps：db：表示当前的数据库，user表示当前数据库下的这个集合（表）#1、select * from db1.user where id >= 2 and id < 4; > db.user.find({ "_id":{ "$gt":2,"$lt":4}}) # 意思是：找到当前数据库下的user集合下的数据 结果：{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } >#2、select * from db1.user where id >= 2 and age < 40; > db.user.find({ "_id":{ "$gte":2},"age":{ "$lt":40}})结果： { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } >#3、select * from db1.user where id >= 5 or name = "alex"; db.user.find({ "$or":[ { '_id':{ "$gte":5}}, { "name":"alex"} ] })结果： >{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } }#4、select * from db1.user where id >= 5 or name = "alex"; > db.user.find({ "_id":{ "$mod":[2,1]}}) #将id的值除2取1，（取奇数）结果：{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } >#5、取反： db.user.find({ '_id':{ "$not":{ "$mod":[2,1]}}}) #拿到所有不是奇数的数据
003：成员运算
# mysql： in，not in#mongodb: "$in","$nin"#1、select * from db1.user where age in (20,30,31); > db.user.find({ "age":{ "$in":[20,30,31]}}) #取出年龄在这个集合之中的数据 { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } >#2、select * from db1.user where name not in ('alex','yuanhao'); > db.user.find({ "name":{ "$nin":["alex","yuanhao"]}}) #取出姓名不在这个集合中的数据 { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" }} { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } > 004：正则匹配
# SQL: regexp 正则# MongoDB: /正则表达/i#1、select * from db1.user where name regexp '^j.*?(g|n)$'; > db.user.find({ 'name':/^j.*?(g|n)$/i}) { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } > 005:取指定字段
#1、select name,age from db1.user where id=3; > db.user.find({ "_id":3},{ 'name':1,"age":1}) #取id为3的数据，并且显示姓名和年龄，1 代表显示，0 代表不显示 { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30 } >#2:查询出id为3的数据，并且不显示地址，其他字段默认显示， > db.user.find({ "_id":3},{ "addr":0}) { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ] } > 006：查询数组
#1、查看有dancing爱好的人 > db.user.find({ "hobbies":"dancing"})--> { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } >#2、查看既有dancing爱好又有tea爱好的人 db.user.find({ 'hobbies':{ "$all":['dancing','tea'] } })--> { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } }#3、查看第4个爱好为tea的人 db.user.find({ "hobbies.3":'tea'})--> { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } }#4、查看所有人最后两个爱好 db.user.find({},{ 'hobbies':{ "$slice":-2},"age":0,"_id":0,"name":0,"addr":0}) #0代表字段不显示--> { "hobbies" : [ "read", "dancing" ] } { "hobbies" : [ "read", "run" ] } { "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ] } { "hobbies" : [ "dancing", "tea" ] } { "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ] }#5、查看所有人的第2个到第3个爱好 db.user.find({},{ 'hobbies':{ "$slice":[1,2]},"age":0,"_id":0,"name":0,"addr":0})--> #这个是时候的切片，两边都是闭区间。----〉取头，取尾 { "hobbies" : [ "read", "dancing" ] } { "hobbies" : [ "read", "run" ] } { "hobbies" : [ "drink" ] } { "hobbies" : [ "read", "dancing" ] } { "hobbies" : [ "read" ] } 007:排序
# 排序: 1代表升序，-1代表降序 db.user.find().sort({ "name":1,}) #按名字的升序排列 --〉 > db.user.find().sort({ "name":1,}) { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } > db.user.find().sort({ "age":-1,'_id':1}) # 按照年龄降序排列，如果年龄一样，则按照id 升序排列 --〉 "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } 008：分页（limit代表取多少个document，skip代表跳过前多少个document。）
db.user.find().sort({ 'age':1}).limit(1).skip(2)-->{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } 009:查询数量
第一种方法：> db.user.count({ "age":{ "$gt":30}})---> 2第二种方法：> db.user.find({ "age":{ "$gt":30}}).count()--->2 010:其他方法：
#1、{'key':null} 匹配key的值为null或者没有这个key > db.t2.insert({ "a":10,"b":111}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.t2.insert({ "a":20}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.t2.insert({ "b":null}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > > db.t2.find({ "b":null}) { "_id" : ObjectId("5c7f23577e39bd0c0f8fd7ba"), "a" : 20 } { "_id" : ObjectId("5c7f236a7e39bd0c0f8fd7bb"), "b" : null }#2、查找所有 db.user.find() #等同于db.user.find({}) db.user.find().pretty() #pretty() 格式化输出，使结果在cmd界面是换行输出的#3、查找一个，与find用法一致，只是只取匹配成功的第一个 db.user.findOne() #取所有结果的第一个且格式化输出 db.user.findOne({ "_id":{ "$gt":3}}) #取所有结果的第一个且格式化输出 3：修改文档update
update() 方法用于更新已存在的文档。语法格式如下：db.collection.update(, , { upsert: , multi: , writeConcern: })参数说明：对比update db1.t1 set name='EGON',sex='Male' where name='egon' and age=18;query : 相当于where条件。update : update的对象和一些更新的操作符（如$,$inc...等，相当于set后面的upsert : 可选，默认为false，代表如果不存在update的记录不更新也不插入，设置为true代表插入。multi : 可选，默认为false，代表只更新找到的第一条记录，设为true,代表更新找到的全部记录。writeConcern :可选，抛出异常的级别。更新操作是不可分割的：若两个更新同时发送，先到达服务器的先执行，然后执行另外一个，不会破坏文档。
001:覆盖更新
第一种方法： 原来的数据： > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "wupeiqi", "age" : 20, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "run" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "hebei" } } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } 更新后的数据： #查询年龄为20 的数据，并将这条数据替换为后面的数据，默认是替换找到的第一条数据，也可以设置multi=True，则替换所有找到的数据 > db.user.update({ "age":20},{ "name":"Wxx","hobbies_count":3}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "Wxx", "hobbies_count" : 3 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } > 说明：是用{ "_id":2,"name":"Wxx","hobbies_count":3}覆盖原来的记录原来的记录就不会存在了第二种方法：002：一种最简单的更新就是用一个新的文档完全替换匹配的文档。这适用于大规模式迁移的情况。例如 var obj=db.user.findOne({ "_id":2}) obj.username=obj.name+'SB' obj.hobbies_count++ delete obj.age db.user.update({ "_id":2},obj) 002：局部更新
通常文档只会有一部分需要更新。可以使用原子性的更新修改器，指定对文档中的某些字段进行更新。更新修改器是种特殊的键，用来指定复杂的更新操作，比如修改、增加后者删除设置：$set
#1:#1、update db1.user set name="WXX" where id = 2 > db.user.update({ "_id":2},{ "$set":{ "name":"MMM",}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 3 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } }#2、没有匹配成功则新增一条{"upsert":true} #-------- upsert : 可选，默认为false，代表如果不存在update的记录不更新也不插入，设置为true代表插入。 db.user.update({ "_id":6},{ "$set":{ "name":"tom","age":18}},{ "upsert":true}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 1, "nModified" : 0, "_id" : 6 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 3 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 50, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 18, "name" : "tom" }>#3、默认只改匹配成功的第一条,{"multi":改多条} db.user.update({ '_id':{ "$gt":4}},{ "$set":{ "age":28}}) -->默认第一条 WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB" } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 28, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 18, "name" : "tom" }-->multi设置可以改多条将id大于4的文档的年龄 改为 38 ，全部匹配的都改 > db.user.update({ '_id':{ "$gt":4}},{ "$set":{ "age":38}},{ "multi":true}) # true 必须小写 WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 2, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB" } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 38, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 38, "name" : "tom" }4、修改内嵌文档，把名字为alex的人所在的地址国家改成Japan > db.user.update({ "name":"alex"},{ "$set":{ "addr.country":"Japan"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB" } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 38, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 38, "name" : "tom" }#5、把名字为alex的人的第2个爱好改成eat > db.user.update({ "name":"alex"},{ "$set":{ "hobbies.1":"eat"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB" } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 38, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 38, "name" : "tom" } >#6、删除alex的爱好,$unset > db.user.update({ "name":"axle"},{ "$unset":{ "hobbies":""}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 10, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB" } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 30, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 40, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 38, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 38, "name" : "tom" } 003:增加和减少
#1、所有人年龄增加一岁 > db.user.update({},{ "$inc":{ "age":1}},{ "multi":true}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 6, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 6 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 11, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 31, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 41, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 39, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 39, "name" : "tom" }#2、所有人年龄减少5岁 > db.user.update({},{ "$inc":{ "age":-5}},{ "multi":true}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 6, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 6 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } 4:添加删除数组内元素
#添加删除数组内元素：$push,$pop,$pull往数组内添加元素：$push
#1、为名字为yuanhao的人添加一个爱好read > db.user.update({ "name":"yuanhao"},{ "$push":{ "hobbies":"read"}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink", "tea", "dancing", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } >--------------------------------------$each-------------------------------------------------------------#2、为名字为yuanhao的人一次添加多个爱好tea，dancing > db.user.update({ "name":"yuanhao"},{ "$push":{ "hobbies":{ "$each":["tea","dancing"]}}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink", "tea", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" }按照位置且只能从开头或结尾删除元素：$pop#3、{"$pop":{"key":1}} 从数组末尾删除一个元素 > db.user.update({ "name":"yuanhao"},{ "$pop":{ "hobbies":1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "music", "drink", "tea", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } >#4、{"$pop":{"key":-1}} 从头部删除 > db.user.update({ "name":"yuanhao"},{ "$pop":{ "hobbies":-1}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "drink", "tea", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "music", "read" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } >#5、按照条件删除元素,："$pull" 把符合条件的统统删掉，而$pop只能从两端删 > db.user.update({ "addr.country":"China"},{ "$pull":{ "hobbies":"read"}},{ "multi":true}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 3, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 2 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "drink", "tea", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "music" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } 5:避免重复添加
#避免添加重复："$addToSet"db.urls.insert({ "_id":1,"urls":[]}) #第一条文档db.urls.update({ "_id":1},{ "$addToSet":{ "urls":'http://www.baidu.com'}}) #第二条文档db.urls.update({ "_id":1},{ "$addToSet":{ "urls":'http://www.baidu.com'}}) #第三条文档db.urls.update({ "_id":1},{ "$addToSet":{ "urls":'http://www.baidu.com'}}) #第四条文档#第五条文档db.urls.update({ "_id":1},{ "$addToSet":{ "urls":{ "$each":[ 'http://www.baidu.com', 'http://www.baidu.com', 'http://www.xxxx.com' ] } } })查看urls集合：> db.urls.find(){ "_id" : 1, "urls" : { } }总结："$addToSet" 在集合中有记录的时候，由于id是唯一的，所以后面的数据都没有添加进去 6:其他：
#1、限制大小"$slice"，只留最后n个 db.user.update({ "_id":5},{ "$push":{ "hobbies":{ "$each":["read",'music','dancing'], #先往条文档添加三个hobby，再只取最后两个hobby "$slice":-2 # 只保留最后两个hobbies } } }) 结果是： > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "drink", "tea", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "music", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } #2、排序The $sort element value must be either 1 or -1" db.user.update({ "_id":5},{ "$push":{ "hobbies":{ "$each":["read",'music','dancing'], # $push 往这个条文档里面添加三个hobbies， "$slice":-1, # 取倒数第一个（最尾部的第一个） "$sort":-1 #排序：倒叙 } } }) 结果： WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "drink", "tea", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } > #注意：不能只将"$slice"或者"$sort"与"$push"配合使用，且必须使用"$each" 4:删除文档
#1、删除多个中的第一个 db.user.deleteOne({ 'age': 8 })原来的数据： > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "drink", "tea", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 5, "name" : "jinxin", "age" : 34, "hobbies" : [ "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "henan" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } >删除后的数据 #只删除了多个中的第一条匹配数据 > db.user.deleteOne({ "age":34}) { "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 1 } > db.user.find() { "_id" : 1, "name" : "alex", "age" : 6, "hobbies" : [ "music", "eat", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "Japan", "city" : "weifang" } } { "_id" : 2, "name" : "MMM", "hobbies_count" : 4, "username" : "MMMSB", "age" : -4 } { "_id" : 3, "name" : "yuanhao", "age" : 26, "hobbies" : [ "drink", "tea", "dancing" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "heibei" } } { "_id" : 4, "name" : "jingliyang", "age" : 36, "hobbies" : [ "music", "dancing", "tea" ], "addr" : { "country" : "China", "city" : "BJ" } } { "_id" : 6, "age" : 34, "name" : "tom" } >#3、删除全部 > db.user.deleteMany({}) { "acknowledged" : true, "deletedCount" : 5 } #显示删除成功！ > db.user.find()